Dictionaries and Lessons

Inflection Dictionaries: are modules created with the Verbs & Nouns application. They contain the foreign language words, their translations, grammar information, comments, and the complete inflection of each word (its declension or conjugation). The component-programs of the Language Toolkit can access this information to perform various activities like translation, exercises, word-games, inflection, browsing etc. Please download Verbs & Nouns or Verbs&Nouns Lookup to use these modules.

	Japanese Inflection by Michael Fahey.	These files consist of four inflection dictionaries - Japanese Verbs, Japanese Adjectives, Japanese Adjectives (na), and Japanese Nouns.
	Italian Verbs by Jacek Iwanski.	This module helps you to learn and practice the parts of Italian verbs including reflexive verbs and compound tenses. It contains the full conjugations of about 380 irregular verbs and about 660 that are regular, with English translations.
	Italian Nouns by Adrienne Forbes.	This module helps you to learn and practice the 20 different ways of forming the plural of Italian nouns, and the seven different forms of 'the'. You can use it for looking up words and practicing vocabulary. The module already contains more than 2000 Italian nouns, with English translations.
	Russisch Verbs&Nouns by Richard Wellmann.	This module helps you to study Russian vocabulary and grammar or to simply look words up in the dictionary: adjectives, adverbs, conjunctions, subjunctions, prepositions, nouns and verbs included. The module is regularly updated and enlarged. Sound and pictures are included.
	Swiss-German Verbs by Flavio Spirgi flavio.spirgi@uni-konstanz.de.	This module helps you to learn and practice the parts of Swiss-German verbs - contact the author for the details.
	Modern Greek Verbs by Goran Bergstrom gorb-inu@po.ia.dk.	This module helps you to learn and practice the parts of modern Greek verbs.
	English Nouns by A. Forbes & J. Iwanski.	This module helps Macintosh users to study and practice the different ways of forming the plural of English nouns. People sometimes think that to form an English plural you just add 's'. This module may hold some surprises. It contains 37000 English nouns, for example city/cities, box/boxes, leaf/leaves, and many less-common types. If you want to browse the sample phrases and do exercises based on these phrases then please download Verbs & Nouns Sample Phrases which can be used in conjunction with 'English Nouns'.
	English Adjectives by A. Forbes & J. Iwanski.	This module helps Macintosh users to study and practise the comparison, adverb, and '-ish' forms of English adjectives. It is useful to native English speakers and to students learning English as a foreign language. It contains 5400 English adjectives. If you want to browse the sample phrases and do exercises based on these phrases then please download Verbs & Nouns Sample Phrases which can be used in conjunction with 'English Adjectives'.
	English Verbs by A. Forbes & J. Iwanski.	This module helps Macintosh users to study and practise the inflection of English verbs. It is useful to native English speakers and to students learning English as a foreign language. It contains 8600 English verbs. If you want to browse the sample phrases and do exercises based on these phrases then please download Verbs & Nouns Sample Phrases which can be used in conjunction with 'English Verbs'.
	Spanish Nouns by Juan Manuel Soto Arrivi jsoto@indiana.edu.	This module helps you to study and practice the different ways of forming the plural of Spanish nouns, and the use of the definite article. It contains more than 1800 nouns. Translations in English are included, and you can use it to practice translation. If you want to browse the sample phrases and do exercises based on these phrases then please download Spanish Phrases which can be used in conjunction with 'Spanish Nouns'.
	Spanish Verbs by Dennis Sayers.	This dictionary contains 766 Spanish verbs, with all major regular and irregular verb conjugations in 13 tenses and moods. Conjugations are in Latin American Spanish, so that speakers of continental Spanish will need to add the vosotros forms. If you want to browse the sample phrases and do exercises based on these phrases then please download Spanish Phrases which can be used in conjunction with 'Spanish Verbs'.
	Polish Nouns by Jacek Iwanski.	This module helps you to learn and practice the parts of Polish nouns. It contains more than 13,000 nouns. More than 200 declension rules are shown.
	Polish Verbs by Jacek Iwanski.	This module helps you to learn and practice the parts of Polish verbs. It contains more than 6,000 verbs. More than 50 conjugation rules are shown.
	Polish Adjectives by Jacek Iwanski.	This module helps Macintosh users to learn and practice declension and comparison of adjectives. You can use it for looking words up and practicing vocabulary. The module already contains more than 9,000 Polish adjectives.
	Finnisch Verbs&Nouns by Alexander Esser alexander.esser@pp.inet.fi.	This is a collection of Finnish dictionaries. The dictionaries contain around 2200 basic words (nouns, verbs, and adjectives) and more than 300 000 derived words. The dictionaries translate from Finnish to German, but non-German speakers might still find them useful for their information about derived words.

Simple Dictionaries: are modules created with the Verbs & Nouns application. They contain the foreign language words, their translations, grammar information, and comments. The component-programs of the Language Toolkit can access this information to perform various activities like translation, exercises, word-games, browsing etc. Please download Verbs & Nouns or Verbs&Nouns Lookup to use these modules.

	English German Dictionary	It contains about 27,000 entries. This dictionary can serve as a starting point to enlarge and improve its contents.
	English-German Business Dictionary	'English-German Business Dictionary' is based on the Project Gutenberg version of Mr Honey's Large Business Dictionary (English-German), ©2001, 2002 by Winfried Honig . The original PG Etext is included.
	German-English Business Dictionary	'German-English Business Dictionary' is based on the Project Gutenberg version of Mr Honey's Large Business Dictionary (German-English), ©2001, 2002 by Winfried Honig . The original PG Etext is included.
	Basic English-German Dictionary	It is based on the Project Gutenberg version of two Mr Honey's English-German dictionaries, ©2001, 2002 by Winfried Honig (Mr Honey's Beginner Dictionary and Mr Honey's First Touristic Dictionary). The original PG Etext is included.
	English-German Thematic Dictionary	It is based on the Project Gutenberg version of three Mr Honey's English-German dictionaries, ©2001, 2002 by Winfried Honig (Mr Honey's Banking Dictionary, Mr Honey's Correspondence Dictionary, and Mr Honey's Work Study Dictionary). The original PG Etext is included.
	English Spanish Dictionary	It contains more than 23,000 entries. You can merge it with the English dictionary to provide both English and Spanish explanations for every entry.
	English Portuguese Dictionary	It contains more than 9000 English words. It is mostly based on the 'FreeDict' source. This dictionary can serve as a starting point to enlarge and improve its contents.
	English Swedish Dictionary	It contains more than 18000 English words. It is mostly based on the 'FreeDict' source. This dictionary can serve as a starting point to enlarge and improve its contents.
	English Italian Dictionary	It contains more than 12000 English words (plus about 4000 derivative forms and short phrases). It is mostly based on the 'FreeDict' source. This dictionary can serve as a starting point to enlarge and improve its contents.
	English French Dictionary	It contains more than 14000 English words (plus about 4000 derivative forms and short phrases). It is mostly based on the 'FreeDict' source. This dictionary can serve as a starting point to enlarge and improve its contents.
	English Hungarian Dictionary	It contains more than 26000 English words (plus a few thousands derivative forms and short phrases). It is mostly based on the 'FreeDict' source. This dictionary can serve as a starting point to enlarge and improve its contents.
	English Welsh Dictionary	It contains more than 11000 English words (plus many derivative forms and short phrases). It is based on the English Welsh dictionary file copyright 1994-1996 Mark H. Nodine.
	Moby Thesaurus ABC	It contains the first part (letters A, B and C) of 'Moby Thesaurus II by Grady Ward'. If there is enough interest I can consider releasing the whole dictionary. Please let me know (jaceki@kagi.com) if you're interested.
	Webster Unabridged Dictionary AB	It contains the first part (letters A, B and C) of 'The 1913 Webster Unabridged Dictionary'. If there is enough interest I can consider releasing the whole dictionary. Please let me know (jaceki@kagi.com) if you're interested.
	Webster Unabridged Dictionary DH	It contains the second part (letters D - H) of 'The 1913 Webster Unabridged Dictionary'. If there is enough interest I can consider releasing the whole dictionary. Please let me know (jaceki@kagi.com) if you're interested.
	Foolish Dictionary	It is based on the Project Gutenberg version of 'The Foolish Dictionary', by Gideon Wurdz (1899). The original PG Etext is included.
	Devil's Dictionary	It is based on the Project Gutenberg version of 'The Devil's Dictionary', by Ambrose Bierce (1906). The original PG Etext is included.
	Who Was Who	It is based on the Project Gutenberg version of 'Who Was Who: 5000 B. C. to Date: Biographical Dictionary of the Famous and Those Who Wanted to Be', edited by Irwin L. Gordon. It contains about 540 humorous biographies of famous people ('5000 B. C.' to the beginning of 20-th century) . The original PG Etext is included.
	Jargon Dictionary	'Jargon Dictionary' contains the lexicon part of 'The New Hacker's Dictionary' (version 4.3.3, Sep. 2002) a comprehensive compendium of hacker slang illuminating many aspects of hackish tradition, folklore, and humor. The original source is available from tuxedo.org.
	Dictionary of Computing by Denis Howe.	The source for this dictionary comes from the Free On-line Dictionary of Computing by Denis Howe and has been converted to the 'Verbs & Nouns' format with author's permission. FOLDOC is a searchable dictionary of acronyms, jargon, programming languages, tools, architecture, operating systems, networking, theory, conventions, standards, mathematics, telecoms, electronics, institutions, companies, projects, products, history, in fact anything to do with computing. This dictionary is Copyright Denis Howe 1993, 1997 (2000).
	English Polish Dictionary by Jacek Iwanski.	It will be useful to Poles who are learning English and to English speakers who are learning Polish. The Demo version consists of 6,000 words (letters a to c). The complete version consists of 32,000 words.
	Latin English Dictionary	It is a small dictionary (6400 words) based on the freeware text of 'The Internet Dictionary Project'. This dictionary is not a complete work and some errors are possible.
	German Spanish Dictionary	It is a small dictionary (about 8000 German words). Your input to this dictionary is greatly appreciated.
	Slang Dictionary by Walter Rader.	The source for this dictionary comes from the The Online Slang Dictionary by Walter Rader and has been converted to the 'Verbs & Nouns' format with author's permission. It contains about 550 American and British slang-words. This dictionary is Copyright Walter Rader 1998.
	Dutch English mini-Dictionary by G.Morris & J.Glossner.	The source for this dictionary comes from the The Online Dutch-English Dictionary by Grayson Morris & John Glossner and has been converted to the 'Verbs & Nouns' format with authors' permission. It contains about 650 Dutch words.
	English Dutch Dictionary	It contains more than 11000 English words. It is mostly based on the 'FreeDict' source. This dictionary can serve as a starting point to enlarge and improve its contents.
	Japanese EDICT	The Japanese EDICT is a port of Jim Breen's EDICT project to the 'Verbs & Nouns' format. It contains about 57,000 Japanese words. The conversion has been done by Michael Fahey.
	Chemical Elements	The dictionary contains descriptions, etymology, and translations (to 12 languages) for 110 chemical elements. It also contains several pictures of native elements. You can do various exercises and play word-games which will enhance the learning process. The etymology information is based on the Peter van der Krogt, Elementymology & Elements Multidict website. The native elements pictures - copyright Dr. Thomas Witzke, Institut fr Mineralogie und Lagerstttenlehre, Aachen.

Spelling Dictionaries: are modules created with the V&N Lookup application. They contain lists of words for the spelling-checker and references to the basic forms of words. You can use these references for an 'in depth' search and text translation. For example if you use the 'Italian Spelling' dictionary then searching for the word sono will find the verb essere. Please download Verbs&Nouns Lookup to use these modules.

	Italian Spelling	It is a spelling dictionary partially capable of 'in-depth' search if used together with 'Italian Nouns' and 'Italian Verbs' dictionaries.
	American Spelling	It is a standard American-English spelling dictionary of about 100,000 words. It is enclosed with the V&N Lookup program. It is capable of 'in-depth' search.
	Dutch Spelling available on CD-ROM	It is a standard Dutch spelling dictionary of about 150,000 words. It is NOT capable of 'in-depth' search.
	German Spelling available on CD-ROM	It is a standard German spelling dictionary of about 170,000 words. It is NOT capable of 'in-depth' search.
	Spanish Spelling available on CD-ROM	It is a standard Spanish spelling dictionary of about 240,000 words. It is NOT capable of 'in-depth' search.
	French Spelling available on CD-ROM	It is a standard French spelling dictionary of about 220,000 words. It is NOT capable of 'in-depth' search.
	Polish Spelling available on CD-ROM	It is a standard Polish spelling dictionary of about 500,000 word-forms capable of 'in-depth' search if used together with 'Polish Nouns', 'Polish Verbs', and 'Polish Adjectives' dictionaries.

Multimedia Lessons: are interactive, multimedia documents. Text, sound and illustration are integrated in an attractive presentation. The lessons include exercises based on text and/or sound, and notes about vocabulary and grammar. You need to download Language Reader to use these lessons.

Polish for All Lessons
It is a series of interactive multimedia lessons for learning Polish at the elementary level.
Spanish Lesson
It is a short and simple demonstration lesson.
English for Beginners
part 1 and part 2
They are simple demonstration lessons.

Utility Dictionaries

are modules created with the Restore Diacritic application. They contain dictionaries for restoring the correct diacritical marks in 7-bit ASCII texts, and also other conversion dictionaries - like translation dictionaries etc.

German Diacritics.: It is a conversion module for the Restore Diacritic application. 7-bit ASCII texts often use the following replacements for the German umlauts: -> ae, -> ue, -> oe, -> ss. The problem arises if you want to reverse this operation. Simple find-replace will not work as many words should remain unchanged. This module solves this problem by using the conversion dictionary so only the appropriate words will be converted.
English German toy-Translator.: It is a conversion module for the Restore Diacritic application. It replaces English words with their German equivalent. As the result you get the English text translated. The translated text uses German words but without any grammatical rules - this is why I call it a TOY-Translator. Such translation can be useful for some special tasks.
Polish Diacritics.: It is a conversion module for the Restore Diacritic application. 7-bit ASCII texts do not show Polish diacritical marks. This module attempts to restore these marks. Restoring diacritical marks is not 100% error free but the converted text is much better and easier to read than the original 7-bit source-file.

If you have difficulty downloading the programs using the links provided above, try visiting any Info-Mac mirror site and changing the directory to /info-mac/edu/lang. Alternatively you can get these files on the CD-ROM disc (in a Macintosh format). To register the Language Toolkit software on-line click here. If you have additional questions then please contact me via e-mail.

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